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化感作用与植物环境因素密切相关,而土壤是陆地植物生长的基础环境。到目前为止,较全面地总结土壤性质及生物化学因素与植物化感作用相互影响的研究进展的综述还很少见。文章试图对之进行总结,为更深入地研究它们之间的关系提供参考依据。当前的研究进展显示,(1)土壤因子(土壤质地、有机无机物质和水分)影响土壤中化感物质的植物毒性。化感物质到达土壤后,通过微生物分解、表面吸附、聚合作用、pH变化、离子交换、改变氧气浓度等各种机制,将发生许多变化,这些变化包括从降低植物毒性直至提高惰性次生代谢物的毒性。土壤的吸附、解吸和降解控制了化感物质的潜在生物有效性。化感物质要达到对植物有化感效应,它们必须长期持续地存在于土壤中,以致它们在溶液中累积到引起化感效应的较高水平。(2)土壤微生物活性决定了化感物质的活性,它们不仅钝化了植物毒素,而且还释放了新的有毒化合物。土壤微生物酶和菌根影响植物化感作用和土壤养分水平的相互关系,而化感物质也能改变土壤微生物区系的结构和活性。(3)植物次生代谢物由于它们对土壤硝化细菌的影响和以有机形态对氮的固定,而影响氮循环。微生物和各种物理、化学的降解过程,影响从植物和土壤中释放的化感物质的去向。土壤环境中化感物质的去向决定了自然环境中化感作用的表达。文章最后提出了化感作用的研究展望。
Allelopathy is closely related to plant environmental factors, while soil is the basic environment for the growth of terrestrial plants. Up to now, it is still rare to summarize the research progress of more comprehensive summary of the interaction between soil properties and biochemical factors and plant allelopathy. The article tries to summarize it and provide a reference for further researching the relationship between them. The current research progress shows that: (1) soil factors (soil texture, organic and inorganic matter and water) affect the phytotoxicity of allelochemicals in the soil. After the allergen reaches the soil, many changes occur through various mechanisms such as microbial decomposition, surface adsorption, polymerization, pH change, ion exchange, and oxygen concentration change. These changes range from reducing phytotoxicity to increasing inert secondary metabolites Toxicity. Soil adsorption, desorption and degradation control the potential bioavailability of allelochemicals. Allelochemicals have the allelopathic effect on plants that must persist in the soil for a long period of time so that they accumulate in solution to a high level that causes an allelopathic effect. (2) Soil microbial activity determines the activity of allelochemicals, which not only passivate phytotoxins but also release new toxic compounds. Soil microbial enzymes and mycorrhizas affect the relationship between plant allelopathy and soil nutrient levels, and allelochemicals can also change the structure and activity of soil microbial flora. (3) Plant secondary metabolites affect the nitrogen cycle due to their effect on soil nitrifying bacteria and nitrogen fixation in organic form. Microorganisms and various physical and chemical degradation processes influence the whereabouts of allelochemicals released from plants and soil. The fate of allelochemicals in the soil environment determines the expression of allelopathy in the natural environment. Finally, the article puts forward the research prospect of allelopathy.