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目的了解2009-2012年北京市某区13类市售食品的卫生状况。方法监测809件市售食品中大肠菌群、菌落总数和6类食源性致病菌的污染情况。微生物检测方法按照GB 4789进行,监测结果按照国家和地方标准判定。结果北京市某区市售生鲜肉类的不合格率为13.75%,检出致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、单增李斯特菌和沙门氏菌。直接入口食品的不合格率33.47%,以大肠菌群和菌落总数超标为主要的不合格原因。水果类、即食非发酵豆制品、肉类及肉制品、蔬菜类的不合格率较高,依次是45.95%、45.86%、42.19%和35.16%。729件直接入口食品中,8件食品致病菌阳性(检出率1.10%)。从购买场所来看,超市、社区商店、餐饮单位和农贸市场直接入口食品的不合格率依次是37.53%、37.50%、28.62%、27.08%。定型包装食品不合格率14.29%,散装食品的不合格率36.70%。结论市售直接入口食品的微生物污染情况严重,建议监管部门对超市及餐饮单位出售的直接入口食品加强监管。
Objective To understand the health status of 13 types of commercially available foods in a certain area of Beijing from 2009 to 2012. Methods The contamination of coliform bacteria, colony and six kinds of foodborne pathogens in 809 commercially available foods were monitored. Microbiological test method in accordance with GB 4789, the monitoring results in accordance with national and local standards. Results The unqualified rate of fresh meat in commercial area in Beijing was 13.75%. Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were detected. Direct import of food failure rate of 33.47%, coliform and colony total exceeded the main reasons for the failure. Fruits, instant non-fermented soy products, meat and meat products, vegetables, high failure rate, followed by 45.95%, 45.86%, 42.19% and 35.16%. Of the 729 imported foodstuffs, 8 were positive for foodborne pathogens (detection rate 1.10%). From the point of view of purchase, supermarkets, community shops, catering units and farmers market directly imported food unqualified rate was 37.53%, 37.50%, 28.62%, 27.08%. Unsure of shaped packaging food 14.29%, bulk food unqualified rate of 36.70%. Conclusion The microbial contamination of commercially available directly imported food is serious. It is suggested that the regulatory authorities should strengthen supervision over direct imported food products sold by supermarkets and catering establishments.