动机错误是意思表示错误的重要类型,法律对动机错误是否应予以规范历来饱受争议,大陆法国家立法大多规定了动机错误制度,而我国仅有“重大误解”条款作为错误规范,且一刀切地将动机错误排除在外。比较德日错误制度立法例,我国应当对表示错误与动机错误作一元评价,并确立影响意思表示效力的要件,帮助法官在自由裁量的过程中谋求错误者保护与交易安全的平衡点。 Motivation error is an important type of meaning misunderstanding. The law has always been controversial over whether motivation mistakes should be regulated. Most of the legislation in mainland China prescribes a motivation error system. However, only the “major misunderstanding” clause in our country is used as an error criterion. Eliminate motivation errors across the board. Compared with the legislation of Germany-Japan error system, our country should make a one-way evaluation of the mistakes and motivational mistakes, establish the elements that affect the effectiveness of the meaning, and help the judges to seek the balance between the mistakes protection and the transaction security during the discretion.