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目的探讨有关急性军事心理应激障碍(MASD)的研究进展,重点讨论MASD的应对与管理。方法采用文献回顾法,总结MASD的评估方法、诱发因素及应对措施。结果国内外已发展多个评估MASD的量表,对于诊断MASD具有指导意义;MASD的主要诱因包括战场相关因素、个体认知评价因素、士气和团队凝聚力;MASD的应对措施包括:强化应激耐受训练、加强心理应激障碍管理和实施综合心理减压。结论MASD是军人执行战争或非战争军事任务常面临的心理问题,借鉴已被验证的各种预防措施,有效减少MASD的发生。
Objective To explore the research progress of MASD and focus on the response and management of MASD. Methods The literature review method was used to summarize the evaluation methods of MASD, the predisposing factors and countermeasures. Results A number of MASD scales developed at home and abroad were instructive for the diagnosis of MASD. The main causes of MASD included battlefield-related factors, individual cognitive evaluation factors, morale and team cohesion. MASD measures included: Trained to strengthen psychological stress disorder management and the implementation of comprehensive psychological decompression. Conclusions MASD is a psychological problem that military personnel often face when performing military tasks other than wars or not. Learning from proven preventive measures, MASD can effectively reduce the occurrence of MASD.