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防御性悲观被认为是自我价值保护策略之一,是指个体在过去成就情境中取得过成功,但在面临新的相似的成就情境时,仍设置不现实的低的期望水平并反复思考事情的各种可能结果。它主要是由防御性预期和反思所组成。国内外研究主要是集中在防御性悲观与乐观、自我妨碍、悲观抑郁概念间的比较,并且对其成就动机、产生的原因机制、影响因素以及测量方法进行了深入研究。未来研究可以在跨文化差异、性别、测量方法、涉及范围方面进行扩展研究,对已有理论与实践进行完善。
Defensive pessimism is considered as one of the strategies of self-protection of value. It refers to the individual’s success in past achievement situations. However, in the face of a new similar achievement situation, he still sets unrealistic low expectations levels and repeatedly considers things Various possible outcomes. It consists primarily of defensive expectations and reflections. Domestic and foreign researches mainly focus on the comparison between the concept of defensive pessimism and optimism, self-obstruction and pessimistic depression, and make an in-depth study on the motivation, the cause and mechanism, the influential factors and the measurement methods. Future research can expand the research on cross-cultural differences, gender, measurement methods and scopes, and improve existing theories and practices.