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本文提出跨语言(非)现实(realis/irrealis)和时-体-情态之间的显赫(mightiness)非均衡性假设,试图通过论证(非)现实为汉语的显赫范畴且具扩张性,来阐释汉语时-体-情态的形式纠缠问题,并初步验证我们提出的假设。本研究结论如下:1)人类对客观世界认知的范畴化在(非)现实范畴中产生原型效应和层级系统,(非)现实的原型范畴在不同语言中有别,时-体-情态三个基本层次范畴以家族相似性聚合在(非)现实这一更高层次范畴下。2)(非)现实和时-体-情态之间存在显赫非均衡性,该假设具有跨语言普适性。当(非)现实为非显赫范畴时,下位层级上时-体-情态中任一范畴在不同语言中都可能成为显赫范畴;当(非)现实本身显赫时,时-体-情态中任一范畴倾向于非显赫。3)汉语中(非)现实是一个显赫范畴,而时-体-情态均为非显赫范畴,领属/存在范畴是汉语显赫(非)现实进行扩张的非原型范畴。
This paper proposes the hypothesis of mightiness imbalance between real-time / irrealis and time-body-modalities, attempting to explain it by arguing (not) reality as the dominant category of Chinese and its expansibility Chinese time-body-modality entanglement problem, and preliminary validation of our hypothesis. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) The categorization of human cognition in the objective world produces the prototype effect and hierarchy in the category of (non) reality, while the prototype category of (non) reality differs in different languages. A category of basic levels is grouped by family similarity in the higher level category of (non-) reality. 2) (non) reality and time - body - modality there is a prominent imbalance between the assumptions of cross-language universal. When the (non) reality is non-prominent category, any category in the subordinate time-body-modality may become the prominent category in different languages. When the (non) reality itself is prominent, any one of the time- Category tends to non-prominent. (3) Chinese (non-) reality is a prominent category, while the time-body-modality is non-prominent category, and the category of dependency / existence is a non-prototype category in which the Chinese reality is expanded.