小型柴油机是广大农村广泛使用的动力机械。在使用过程中,随着时间的的增长,因自然磨损或平时使用不当、保养不善而出现技术状态恶化、功率下降、耗油增加等现象,使机器失去原有功能,甚至无法工作,即内燃机出了故障。其故障是通过一定征象表现出来,具体分析是要搞清故障因子和故障征象之间的因果关系。一种故障征象可能是由一个或多个故障因子形成;一个故障因子也可能产生一种或多种故障征象。在具体分析的过程中要结合发动机的构造及各零部件的作用原理,采取从简到繁、由表及里、按系统分段进行推理和检测,活用各种诊断方法。同时,为了 Small diesel engines are widely used in the vast rural areas of power machinery. In use, as time goes by, due to natural wear and tear or improper use of peacetime, poor maintenance and technical conditions have deteriorated, power loss, increased fuel consumption and other phenomena, the machine loses its original function, or even unable to work, that is, internal combustion engine There has been a breakdown. The failure is manifested by certain signs, the specific analysis is to find out the causal relationship between fault factors and fault symptoms. A fault symptom may be formed by one or more fault factors; one fault factor may also produce one or more fault symptoms. In the process of concrete analysis, we should combine the construction of engine and the principle of each component to take various kinds of diagnostic methods, from simple to complex, from table to section, to reasoning and testing by system. At the same time, in order to