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集聚外部性与企业生产率是城市经济学研究的热点。作者采用1998年~2007年中国制造业企业的面板数据,检验不同类型集聚外部性对企业全要素生产率的影响。首先使用Olley和Pakes(1996)介绍的方法测算企业全要素生产率(Total Factor Productivity,TFP),然后利用固定效应回归估计集聚外部性模型。研究结果表明:(1)制造业企业TFP明显受益于马歇尔外部性、雅各布斯外部性和波特外部性,并且后两者发挥的作用更大;(2)轻纺工业和化学工业企业TFP明显受到马歇尔外部性的正影响,而食品工业、材料工业和装备制造业企业则反之;(3)与其他行业不同,技术密集型和高垄断行业企业TFP并未受到当地本行业和当地其他行业集聚外部性的影响。但是,不同类型行业企业均从城市产业多元化和同行企业竞争中获得了TFP增长。
Agglomeration externality and firm productivity are the hot topics in urban economics. Using the panel data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 1998 to 2007, the author tests the influence of different types of agglomeration externality on the total factor productivity of enterprises. First, we use the method introduced by Olley and Pakes (1996) to calculate total factor productivity (TFP) and then use the fixed-effect regression to estimate the aggregate externality model. The results show that: (1) manufacturing enterprises TFP obviously benefit from Marshall externality, Jacobs externalities and Porter externality, and the latter two play a greater role; (2) textile and chemical industry enterprises TFP was significantly affected by Marshall’s externalities, while food, material and equipment manufacturing companies were the other way round. (3) Unlike other industries, TFP, a technology-intensive and high-monopoly industry, was not affected by local industry and local others The Influence of Industry Agglomeration Externality. However, different types of industries and enterprises have achieved TFP growth from the diversification of urban industries and the competition among their peers.