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当Hb或红细胞压积低于相应年龄和性别的正常值则认为是贫血。正常值应在有代表性的健康人群中测定,该人群应采用特殊的实验室方法检查,或事先补充营养素以排除营养缺乏和其它导致贫血原因。不同国家和少数民族人群Hb正常值并无本质区别,所报告的差别可能与未诊断遗传性或获得性疾病及海拔高度有关。此外,血浆容量增加可使无贫血者Hb假性降低,其减少又使有贫血者Hb假性增高。后一状况可见于脱水、蛋白质能营养不良(Protein-energy malnutrition,PEM)等。直接分别测定红细胞容积和血浆容量诊断本病可能是一种探索,遗憾的是不可能常规实施。
When Hb or hematocrit lower than the corresponding age and gender of the normal value is considered anemia. Normal values should be determined in a representative group of healthy people who should be examined using a special laboratory method or supplemented with nutrients to rule out nutritional deficiencies and other causes of anemia. There is no essential difference between Hb normal values in different countries and minority populations, and the reported differences may be related to undiagnosed genetic or acquired disease and altitude. In addition, an increase in plasma volume can cause hypocrisy Hb pseudo-anemia, which in turn reduces the anemia Hb pseudo-increase. The latter condition can be seen in dehydration, protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and so on. Direct determination of erythrocyte volume and plasma volume diagnosis of the disease may be an exploration, it is regrettable that it is impossible to routinely implement.