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为了评价黄土高原苹果产区深层土壤干燥化特征及其区域分布规律,测定了其半湿润黄土台塬区(Ⅰ)、半湿润易旱黄土旱塬区(Ⅱ)、半湿润偏旱和半干旱黄土丘陵区(Ⅲ)等不同气候和地貌类型区32块苹果园地0～1500cm土层土壤湿度,定量比较和分析了各类型区苹果园地深层土壤含水率、土壤湿度剖面分布及其土壤干燥化特征。结果表明:1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区苹果园地0～1500cm土层土壤含水率依次为17.53%、13.44%和10.29%,土壤有效贮水量依次为1273.70、973.98和864.05mm,土壤水分过耗量依次为199.93、465.10和362.70mm,年均土壤干燥化速率依次为8.47、26.29和23.44mm/a。人工补灌、树龄、种植密度和地貌类型等因素影响果园土壤湿度和土壤干燥化程度。2)各区有补充灌溉的果园土壤剖面湿度显著高于旱作果园,不存在或部分土层存在干燥化现象;旱作果园土壤剖面均存在深厚的干燥化土层。3)Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ区有补充灌溉的苹果园地土壤干燥化指数(SDI)分别为-8%、-11%和-34%;旱作果园土壤干燥化指数(SDI)分别为32%、50%和46%,各类型干层厚度分别达到或超过790、1297和910cm。研究结果为黄土高原苹果园地深层土壤水分可持续利用和苹果生产基地可持续发展提供参考。
In order to evaluate the characteristics of deep soil desiccation and its regional distribution in the apple producing area of the Loess Plateau, the effects of its semi - humid loess plateau (Ⅰ), semi - humid and semi - arid loess plateau (Ⅱ), semi - humid and semi - arid Soil moisture in 0 ~ 1500cm soil layer in 32 apple orchard areas with different climatic and physiognomy types in loess hilly region (Ⅲ) were compared and analyzed. The deep soil moisture content, soil profile distribution and soil desiccation characteristics of apple orchard . The results showed that: 1) The soil water content of 0 ~ 1500cm soil layer in apple orchard in areas Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 17.53%, 13.44% and 10.29%, followed by 1273.70, 973.98 and 864.05mm, respectively. Followed by 199.93,465.10 and 362.70mm, the average annual soil desiccation rates were 8.47,26.29 and 23.44mm / a. Artificial irrigation, age, planting density and landform types and other factors affect the orchard soil moisture and soil desiccation. 2) The orchard soil profile with supplementary irrigation in all areas is significantly higher than that in dry orchards, and does not exist or some of the soil layers are desiccated. There are deep desiccated soil layers in the orchard soil profiles. 3) The soil desiccation index (SDI) of apple orchard with supplemental irrigation in areas I, II and III was -8%, -11% and -34%, respectively. The soil drying index (SDI) 50% and 46%, all types of dry layer thickness reached or exceeded 790,1297 and 910cm. The results provide references for the sustainable use of deep soil moisture and sustainable development of apple production base in the apple orchard of the Loess Plateau.