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目的了解铜陵市区中小学生生长发育和营养现状,为制定学校卫生保健工作的方针政策提供科学依据。方法以38 482名铜陵市区中小学生为调查对象,采用身高体重百分位数评价表和身高标准体重法对2011年中小学生健康检查数据资料进行分析。结果从铜陵市中小学生身高和体重发育曲线图上看,男女生身高在10和17岁时出现2次交叉,体重在15和17岁时出现2次交叉,身高突增峰值的年龄男生为11岁,女生为10岁。2011年铜陵市区中小学生营养不良率、超重率、肥胖率分别为19.4%、11.1%和12.2%。营养不良率高中生高于小学生和初中生,女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);超重率和肥胖率初中生高于小学生和高中生,男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论铜陵市区中小学生生长发育符合一般规律,营养不良和营养过剩同时存在,以营养过剩问题较为突出,应进一步采取有效措施以改善营养,控制肥胖的发生率。防治营养不良重点应放在高中阶段,尤其是女生;防治肥胖重点应放在初中阶段,尤其是男生。
Objective To understand the growth and nutrition status of primary and secondary school students in Tongling city and to provide scientific evidence for formulating guidelines and policies of school health care work. Methods A total of 38 482 primary and secondary school students in Tongling city were selected as the research objects. The health checkup data of primary and middle school students in 2011 were analyzed by height and weight percentile evaluation table and height standard weight method. Results According to the height and weight development curves of primary and secondary school students in Tongling City, there were two crosses between male and female students at 10 and 17 years of age. Two crossovers occurred at 15 and 17 years of age. The height of male and female students were 11 Years old, girls are 10 years old. In 2011, the malnutrition rate, overweight rate, and obesity rate among primary and secondary school students in Tongling City were 19.4%, 11.1% and 12.2% respectively. Malnutrition rate was higher in high school students than in primary school students and junior high school students, girls were higher than boys, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); overweight rate and obesity rate of junior high school students and high school students, boys were higher than girls, the difference was statistically Significance (P <0.05). Conclusions The growth and development of primary and secondary school students in Tongling District are in accordance with the general law. Malnutrition and excess nutrition exist simultaneously. The problem of overnutrition is more prominent. Effective measures should be taken to improve nutrition and control the incidence of obesity. Prevention and treatment of malnutrition should focus on high school stage, especially girls; prevention and treatment of obesity should focus on junior high school stage, especially boys.