鸡腿蘑,学名毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)在我国北方各省均有分布,是食、药两用真菌。人们素有喜食的习惯。为了开发这一野生资源,我们于1989年10月开始进行驯化栽培技术研究。经过多次试验,成功地分离出母种,筛选出适于该菇生长的各种培养基,选育出菌丝生长快、抗逆性强、生产性能好、单株重的优良菌株。总结出一套栽培技术。现将试验结果报道如下: 一、菌种分离培养 (一)材料来源 1989年10月25日采于郑州北郊黄家庵村头田野。经鉴定确认它是伞菌科的毛头鬼伞,俗名鸡腿蘑。 (二)菌种分离 采用组织分离法获得纯种。菌丝在PDA培养基上生长良好。在营养丰富的综合培养基上或煮麦粒水培养基上生长得更好。菌丝最初白色,最后变成灰白色,培养基的颜色也随之加深。菌丝在25±1℃条件下恒温培养13天长满试管斜面。 (三)母种培养 选用的培养基是在PDA培养基中添加0.1％磷酸二氢钾和维生素B_1片少许,或用煮麦粒水代替PDA培养基中的马铃薯。菌丝在这两种培养基上,于25±1℃下培养7～8天菌丝可长满试管斜面。 (四)原种培养 采用以棉子壳、杂木屑、稻草三种原料为主做成培养基和用纯麦粒做成培养基。试验证明,鸡腿蘑的菌丝在这几种培养基上均可正常生长,但以在麦粒培养基和棉子壳为主的培养基上生长最好。各 Coprinus comatus, Coprinus comatus, is distributed in all the northern provinces of our country. It is a food and medicine dual-purpose fungus. People are always accustomed to eating habits. In order to develop this wild resource, we began to study domestication techniques in October 1989. After several experiments, the mother species were successfully isolated, and various kinds of culture media suitable for the growth of the mushroom were screened. Breeding mycelium has the advantages of fast growth, strong resistance, good performance and good single strain. Summed up a set of cultivation techniques. The test results are reported as follows: First, the separation and culture of bacteria (A) source of material October 25, 1989 mining was collected in the northern tip of Huang Village, Zhengzhou City, field fields. It has been identified to be Agaricus, a common name of Coprinus comatus. (B) separation of strains obtained by pure tissue isolation method. Mycelia grew well on PDA medium. Grow better on nutrient-rich synthetic media or on brewed grain water media. Mycelium initially white, and finally turned gray, medium color also deepen. Mycelia incubated at 25 ± 1 ℃ for 13 days under the conditions of the tube covered with bevel. (C) the mother of the medium used in the selection of culture medium is added to the PDA medium 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and vitamin B_1 a little, or with wheat water instead of PDA medium potato. Mycelia in these two media, cultured at 25 ± 1 ℃ 7 to 8 days mycelium can be filled with a tube bevel. (D) of the original species used to cotton seed shells, miscellaneous sawdust, straw three main raw materials made of medium and pure wheat made of medium. Experiments show that the mycelium of Coprinus comatus can grow normally on these kinds of medium, but grow best on medium of wheat grain and cotton seed shell. each