同治年间,直隶省教案多发且颇具代表性,总理衙门与驻华公使为维护各自方的利益展开了激烈的较量。在相关约章的签订上,双方各怀心思,互相算计;在对办案官员的惩处上,双方明枪暗箭,激烈交锋。面对驻华公使的武力恫吓,总理衙门采取了论理、防范并举而以和为主的回应措施。总理衙门在与驻华公使“博弈”的过程中,其柔弱外交中悲凉的处境彰明较著。 During the Tongzhi years, the teaching cases in Zhili Province were frequent and quite representative, and the Yamen and the Chinese diplomatic envoys held fierce battles to safeguard the interests of their respective parties. At the signing of the relevant treaty, both sides each had their own thoughts and thoughts and counted each other. On the punishment of handling officials, both sides stabbed their guns and fierce clashes. Faced with the military intimidation of the Chinese ambassador, the Zongli Yamen took the pro-rationale and precautionary measures based on both principle and principle. During the process of establishing a “game” with the Chinese ambassador to China, the PM of the PM Yung-kung made it clear that the tragic situation in his weak diplomacy was obvious.