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一、开放海禁的原因、意义与其引起的变化。明代后期是中国国际贸易史上开始发生巨大变化时代,特别是作为海外贸易与中外关系史上的转折点,具体的标志就是隆庆元年(1557年)的开放海禁。有外因,也有内因。外因是欧洲殖民主义者掠夺东方的贸易,不断冲开明官方朝贡贸易的锁链,铁门关外的巨大洋流,最后直接冲撞中国南海的大门;内因是国内经济市场与人民生活的需要,商民贸易早已形成向海
First, the reasons for the opening ban, the significance and the changes caused. The latter part of the Ming Dynasty was an era when the history of international trade began to change drastically, especially as a turning point in the history of overseas trade and the relations between China and foreign countries. The specific sign was the opening ban on the first year of Longqing (1557). There are external factors, but also internal. The external cause is that the European colonialists plundered the trade of the East, constantly redressed the official chain of tributary trade, the vast ocean currents outside Tiemen Gate, and finally directly hit the gate of China’s South China Sea. The internal factors were the needs of the domestic economic market and the people’s livelihood and the trade of merchants long ago Formed to the sea