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普通菜豆(芸豆)Phaseolus vulgaris L.起源于中美洲,考古学家在墨西哥发现公元前7000多年的菜豆化石。我国为次级起源中心。菜用嫩荚者称为食荚菜豆;食籽粒者称食用菜豆(下称菜豆)。菜豆是世界栽培面积较大的食用豆类作物之一。据FAO1984年年报全世界有90多个国家种植菜豆,栽培面积为26.642万公顷,总产15.469万吨,单产594公斤/公顷(39.6公斤/亩)。最高单产为波兰,50公顷,单产2003公斤/公顷(137.5公斤/亩)。世界菜豆主产国依次为印度、巴西、墨西哥、中国。我国各省都有栽培,主产还在云、贵、黑龙江、河北、山西、陕西、吉林及台湾省。
Common bean (kidney bean) Phaseolus vulgaris L. Originated in Central America, archaeologists in Mexico found more than 7000 BC bean beans fossils. My country is a secondary origin center. Vegetables with the new pods are known as food beans; food grains who eat beans (hereinafter referred to as beans). Beans are one of the world’s most cultivated edible legumes. According to FAO’s 1984 report, planted beans were grown in over 90 countries with a cultivated area of 266.42 hectares and a total output of 154.69 million tons, yielding 594 kilograms per hectare (39.6 kilograms per hectare). The highest yield for Poland, 50 hectares, yield 2003 kg / ha (137.5 kg / mu). The main producing countries of the world bean are India, Brazil, Mexico and China. All provinces in our country have cultivated. The main products are still cloud, expensive, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jilin and Taiwan provinces.