肾移植术后急性体液性排斥(AHR)是影响移植肾存活的一个重要原因[1,2]。通常情况下,AHR是人类白细胞抗原(HLA)类抗体所介导的,但有人认为非HLA类抗体也能介导移植肾AHR,但极其罕见。抗内皮细胞抗体(AECAs)在器官移植中是极其重要的一种非HLA类抗体,在移植术后早期以及晚期发生 Acute body fluid rejection (AHR) after renal transplantation is a major cause of graft survival [1,2]. AHR is normally mediated by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. However, it has been suggested that non-HLA antibodies can also mediate AHR in transplant recipients, but it is extremely rare. Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) are extremely important non-HLA antibodies in organ transplantation and occur early and late after transplantation