目的 :探讨小学生社会能力的现状及其影向因素。方法 :运用Achenbach儿童行为量表以及自编的调查问卷对随机整群抽取的 5 17名小学生进行调查 (由家长填写问卷 )。结果 :小学生社会能力总分为15 0 0± 3 83分 ,女生的社会能力得分高于男生 (P <0 0 1) ,性别间的差异主要体现在社交能力和学习成绩方面。社会能力低下的小学生占所调查学生的 10 1%。小学生的社会能力与从小发育情况、参加课外特色班、体型、父母文化程度、是否偏食、母亲管教孩子态度、与父母分房而睡、以及年龄等因素有关 ;社会能力的三个方面互相关联。结论 :小学生社会能力低下与发育状况、父母管教态度、儿童生活方式等多种因素有关。提高小学生的社会能力 ,需要从提高身体素质与学习兴趣、培养良好生活习惯、创造适宜家庭环境等多方面入手 Objective: To explore the status quo of primary school students’ social ability and its influence factors. METHODS: A total of 5 17 primary school children drawn from a random cluster were surveyed using the Achenbach Child Behavior Inventory and a self-designed questionnaire (parents completed the questionnaire). Results: The total score of primary school students’ social ability was 15 0 ± 3 83 points. The score of social ability of female students was higher than that of male students (P <0.01). The gender differences were mainly reflected in social skills and academic achievements. Primary school children with low social skills accounted for 101% of the surveyed students. There are three aspects of social competence that are related to the social ability of primary school students and the factors of childhood development, participation in extracurricular classes, body size, parental education, partial eclipse, mothers ’attitude toward children, sleeping with their parents’ houses and age, etc. Conclusion: The undergraduates’ social ability is related to their developmental status, parental attitude and children’s life style. To improve the social skills of primary school students, we must start from many aspects such as improving physical quality and learning interest, cultivating good living habits and creating a suitable home environment