认识中国国情,特别是认识中国现代社会的基本性质和基本矛盾,乃是认清中国现代化发展问题的根本依据,也是确定中国现代化发展战略的理论基础。清华大学国情研究中心胡鞍钢、马伟在今年第一期《清华大学学报》上发表的一篇报告认为,中国现代社会的基本矛盾是传统农业经济与现代工业经济的矛盾,突出地表现为城市与乡村之间的结构矛盾,包括传统农业与工业化、农村与城市等矛盾。这一矛盾决定了中国发展的关键就是实现工业化、城市化和现代化的基本任务,也是认识 Understanding the Chinese national conditions, especially the basic nature and basic contradictions of China’s modern society, is the fundamental basis for recognizing the issue of China’s modernization and also the theoretical basis for determining China’s strategy for the development of its modernization. According to a report published by Tsinghua University Journal in the first issue of this year, Hu Angang and Ma Wei, National Research Center for Nationalities of Tsinghua University, argue that the basic contradiction in the modern Chinese society is the contradiction between the traditional agricultural economy and the modern industrial economy, with prominence as the city Its structural contradictions with the countryside include the contradictions of traditional agriculture and industrialization, rural areas and cities. This contradiction determines that the key to China’s development is the basic task of realizing industrialization, urbanization and modernization as well as understanding