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在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度下,研究不同有机肥-无机肥长期施用对塿土碱解氮以及NO-3-N的分布、累积和阶段性移动的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥、化肥和两者混合施用有助于提高土壤碱解氮和硝态氮的含量,尤其对耕层土壤影响较为显著;有机肥对土壤中碱解氮含量的增加效果较为明显,而化肥则易提高土壤中硝态氮的含量;与对照相比有机肥会减缓土壤剖面深层硝态氮含量的积累,有效控制硝态氮向下淋溶;整个剖面中同年秋季土壤的氮含量>夏季土壤。所有处理中,施用低量有机肥或者其配施低量化肥(M150t·hm-2、N150kg·hm-2、P60kg·hm-2)是较为理想的施肥方式,既提高土壤肥力又缓解NO-3-N在土壤剖面中的累积和淋失。
Under the system of winter wheat-summer maize rotation, the effects of long-term application of different organic manure and inorganic fertilizers on the distribution of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and the distribution, accumulation and staged movement of NO-3-N in soil were studied. The results showed that the application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers and the mixture of them both contributed to increase the contents of soil available nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, especially the topsoil. The effect of organic manure on the increase of alkali nitrogen in soil While the chemical fertilizers could easily increase the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. Compared with the control, the organic fertilizer could slow down the accumulation of nitrate content in the deep soil profile and effectively control the nitrate leaching downwards. In the whole section, Nitrogen content> summer soil. In all treatments, applying low amount of organic fertilizer or applying low amount of chemical fertilizer (M150t · hm-2, N150kg · hm-2, P60kg · hm-2) was an ideal fertilization mode to increase soil fertility and alleviate NO- 3-N accumulation and leaching in soil profiles.