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摘要 本研究旨在明确头花杜鹃挥发油的化学成分及其对烟草甲、赤拟谷盗和嗜卷书虱的毒杀作用。利用GC/MS分析了头花杜鹃叶挥发油的化学组分;通过触杀和驱避试验测试头花杜鹃叶挥发油的生物活性。结果表明:从头花杜鹃叶挥发油中鉴定出的成分共有30种,占总成分的100.00%,其主要成分为:α蒎烯(25.32%)、β蒎烯(19.90%)和6,8吡啶并[3,4d]嘧啶4(3H)酮酸盐(7.45%);头花杜鹃叶挥发油对烟草甲、赤拟谷盗和嗜卷书虱的LD50分别为44.40、104.92 μg/头和98.87 μg/cm2;在测试2 h和4 h后其对赤拟谷盗和嗜卷书虱的驱避效果与阳性对照除虫菊素产生的效果一致。上述结果表明,头花杜鹃叶挥发油对烟草甲、赤拟谷盗和嗜卷书虱均具有较好的毒杀作用,这可能与头花杜鹃叶挥发油中的主要成分α蒎烯有关。
关键词 头花杜鹃; 烟草甲; 赤拟谷盗; 嗜卷书虱
中图分类号: S 482.39
文献标识码: ADOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018206
Abstract This study focused on analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oils from Rhododendron capitatum Maxim. and examining the toxic activities of the oils against Lasioderma serricorne, Tribolium castaneum and Liposcelis bostrychophila. The activities of the oils were tested via contact toxicity and repellent activity assays, and its chemical components were analyzed by GCMS. Thirty components from the essential oils extracted from R.capitatum were identified and the sum of their contents accounted for 100.00% of the essential oil; the major components were αpinene (25.32%), βpinene (19.90%) and pyrido [3,4d] pyrimidine4(3H)one, 6,8dimethyl (7.45%). The essential oils exhibited potential contact toxicity against L.serricorne (LD50=44.40 μg/adult), T.castaneum (LD50=104.92 μg/adult) and L.bostrychophila (LD50=98.87 μg/cm2), and its repellent activity against T.castaneum and L.bostrychophila, was consistent with that of the positive control DEET.R.capitatum essential oils had significant toxic activities against 3 kinds of storage pests, which might be related to the main component αpinene in the essential oils.
Key words Rhododendron capitatum; Lasioderma serricorne; Tribolium castaneum; Liposcelis bostrychophila
頭花杜鹃Rhododendron capitatum Maxim.为杜鹃花科杜鹃花属常绿灌木, 是我国西北地区杜鹃花属植物中产量较高的一个品种, 主要分布在青海、甘肃和四川等省,资源丰富[1]。目前关于头花杜鹃的研究主要集中在其挥发油化学成分分析以及药理作用等方面,李国贤等[2]发现头花杜鹃挥发油显著的祛痰和镇咳作用与其主要成分α蒎烯有关,且其毒性较低,吕义长等[3]发现头花杜鹃挥发油含氧部分对呼吸道常见菌种如流感杆菌、肺炎球菌等有明显抑制作用,许子俊等[4]证明从头花杜鹃的水提物中分离到总黄酮降血压作用明显,但头花杜鹃对仓储害虫生物活性的研究尚未见报道。
烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne、赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum和嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila均是广泛存在于储藏物中的昆虫,现已成为我国大型粮仓中的优势害虫种群。早前仓储害虫的防治措施以磷化氢(磷化铝)熏蒸最为普遍,但长期使用会对环境和人类健康造成一定影响,近年来,植物源防护剂因其具有高度选择性,易于分解和对人畜安全性高等优点而逐渐代替了化学防护剂[510]。
田雨浓[11]的研究表明,α蒎烯能抑制大麦虫Zophobas morio幼虫体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性,因此幼虫体内的解毒作用被抑制,导致幼虫本身生理机能下降,致使幼虫死亡。在此背景下,本文结合含有α蒎烯的头花杜鹃挥发油较强的抑菌活性以及α蒎烯本身具有的杀虫活性,测定头花杜鹃挥发油对烟草甲、赤拟谷盗和嗜卷书虱这3种仓储害虫的触杀和驱避作用,以探讨其对仓储害虫的生物活性,为头花杜鹃挥发油杀虫活性的研究以及头花杜鹃资源的开发利用提供参考依据。
关键词 头花杜鹃; 烟草甲; 赤拟谷盗; 嗜卷书虱
中图分类号: S 482.39
文献标识码: ADOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018206
Abstract This study focused on analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oils from Rhododendron capitatum Maxim. and examining the toxic activities of the oils against Lasioderma serricorne, Tribolium castaneum and Liposcelis bostrychophila. The activities of the oils were tested via contact toxicity and repellent activity assays, and its chemical components were analyzed by GCMS. Thirty components from the essential oils extracted from R.capitatum were identified and the sum of their contents accounted for 100.00% of the essential oil; the major components were αpinene (25.32%), βpinene (19.90%) and pyrido [3,4d] pyrimidine4(3H)one, 6,8dimethyl (7.45%). The essential oils exhibited potential contact toxicity against L.serricorne (LD50=44.40 μg/adult), T.castaneum (LD50=104.92 μg/adult) and L.bostrychophila (LD50=98.87 μg/cm2), and its repellent activity against T.castaneum and L.bostrychophila, was consistent with that of the positive control DEET.R.capitatum essential oils had significant toxic activities against 3 kinds of storage pests, which might be related to the main component αpinene in the essential oils.
Key words Rhododendron capitatum; Lasioderma serricorne; Tribolium castaneum; Liposcelis bostrychophila
頭花杜鹃Rhododendron capitatum Maxim.为杜鹃花科杜鹃花属常绿灌木, 是我国西北地区杜鹃花属植物中产量较高的一个品种, 主要分布在青海、甘肃和四川等省,资源丰富[1]。目前关于头花杜鹃的研究主要集中在其挥发油化学成分分析以及药理作用等方面,李国贤等[2]发现头花杜鹃挥发油显著的祛痰和镇咳作用与其主要成分α蒎烯有关,且其毒性较低,吕义长等[3]发现头花杜鹃挥发油含氧部分对呼吸道常见菌种如流感杆菌、肺炎球菌等有明显抑制作用,许子俊等[4]证明从头花杜鹃的水提物中分离到总黄酮降血压作用明显,但头花杜鹃对仓储害虫生物活性的研究尚未见报道。
烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne、赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum和嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila均是广泛存在于储藏物中的昆虫,现已成为我国大型粮仓中的优势害虫种群。早前仓储害虫的防治措施以磷化氢(磷化铝)熏蒸最为普遍,但长期使用会对环境和人类健康造成一定影响,近年来,植物源防护剂因其具有高度选择性,易于分解和对人畜安全性高等优点而逐渐代替了化学防护剂[510]。
田雨浓[11]的研究表明,α蒎烯能抑制大麦虫Zophobas morio幼虫体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性,因此幼虫体内的解毒作用被抑制,导致幼虫本身生理机能下降,致使幼虫死亡。在此背景下,本文结合含有α蒎烯的头花杜鹃挥发油较强的抑菌活性以及α蒎烯本身具有的杀虫活性,测定头花杜鹃挥发油对烟草甲、赤拟谷盗和嗜卷书虱这3种仓储害虫的触杀和驱避作用,以探讨其对仓储害虫的生物活性,为头花杜鹃挥发油杀虫活性的研究以及头花杜鹃资源的开发利用提供参考依据。