许多妇产科手术实际上是泌尿生殖道手术,手术时需要充分了解下泌尿道的解剖及生理,特别是膀胱三角区及膀胱颈部。接触性内窥镜发明于法国,原用作子宫镜,现在美国用作膀胱尿道镜。这种仪器用环境光线照明,不需连接外光源或内光源,大的集光简将可用的光线集合,随镜杆(optical probe)内的镜片引向下面。用普遍检查灯于临床可产生类似于纤维光学的照明,强度可由灯光照射方向或移动集光简而改变。接触镜的另一特点是镜片系统的焦距范围,当镜杆的未端确实与物体的表面(如膀胱粘膜)相接触时,物体均在焦距范 Many obstetrics and gynecology surgery is actually urogenital surgery, surgery need to fully understand the lower urinary tract anatomy and physiology, especially the bladder trigone and bladder neck. Contact endoscopy invented in France, used as a hysteroscope, the United States now used as a urinary bladder urethra. The instrument is illuminated with ambient light without the need of an external light source or an internal light source. Large light sources simply collect the available light and direct it with the lens inside the optical probe. With the general inspection of the lamp in the clinical can produce similar to the fiber optic lighting, the intensity can be changed by light irradiation direction or moving light collection. Another feature of the contact lens is the focal length of the lens system, when the end of the mirror rod is indeed in contact with the surface of the object (such as the bladder mucosa), the object is at the focal length range