Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of Soufeng Qutan traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Methods: 6-8 weeks old ApoE knockout mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 13 weeks to establish an atherosclerotic unstable plaque model, and they were randomly divided into model groups, low, medium, and high-dose Shoufeng expectorant groups. Torvastatin group; another 6-8 week old C57BL/6 mice were set as blank control group. Both the blank control group and the model group were given 0.9％ normal saline by gavage. The low, medium, and high-dose groups of Soufeng Expectorant Chinese Medicine and the atorvastatin group were given different doses of Soufeng Expectorant Chinese Medicine Decoction and Atorvastatin. intervention. After 13 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the abdominal aortic blood vessels were histopathologically observed by HE staining. The blood lipids, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected by a biochemical automatic analyzer), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content and ELISA method to detect IL-1β levels. Results: Compared with the blank control group, a large number of foam cells can be seen in the model group, and the plaque area is obvious; serum TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-1β expression levels increased (P<0.05), and HDL-C expression levels decreased (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, each dose group of Soufeng expectorant Chinese medicine and atorvastatin group had a small amount of foam cells and reduced plaque area; serum TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-1β expression levels Both decreased (P<0.05), and the expression level of HDL-C increased (P0.05). Conclusion: Soufeng Expectorant Herbal Medicine can inhibit the progression of cellular inflammation, down-regulate the expression of IL-1β, reduce plaque lipid content, and improve blood lipids. This may be one of the molecular mechanisms of Soufeng Expectorant Herbal Medicine in the early treatment of atherosclerosis.