能引起变态反应的药物很多,在一般人群中其发病率约为10％,药物变态反应偶尔导致死亡和残废。据美国的统计,每年因青霉素过敏反应而致死者有100余例。了解药物变态反应的发生机理及影响因素,以避免其产生或减少其危害是必要的。一、药物变态反应药物通常作为抗原,通过口服、注射或其它途径进入体内后。在体内产生特异性抗体(IgE或IgG、IgM)或使淋巴细胞致敏,此过程为药物变态反应的致敏阶段;当再次用药时,抗原与抗体或致敏淋巴细胞作用,即可引起变态反应。作为抗原性物质的药物大致可分两类:一类是具有完全抗原性的大分子药物,能使机体产生相应抗体,使机体致敏,属于这类的药物有血清制剂、疫 Many drugs can cause allergic reactions, the incidence in the general population is about 10%, drug allergies occasionally lead to death and disability. According to the statistics of the United States, there are more than 100 cases of death caused by allergic reactions to penicillin each year. To understand the mechanism and influencing factors of drug allergy in order to avoid its occurrence or reduce its harm is necessary. First, the drug Allergy drugs usually as antigens, by oral, injection or other means after entering the body. In the body produce specific antibodies (IgE or IgG, IgM) or lymphocyte sensitization, the process of drug allergy sensitization phase; when used again, the antigen and antibody or sensitized lymphocytes, can cause metamorphosis reaction. Drugs as antigenic substances can be roughly divided into two categories: one is a completely antigenic macromolecular drugs, the body can produce the corresponding antibodies, the body sensitized, belong to this class of drugs have serum preparations, epidemic