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本文调查了两个队列(石棉矿工人和煤矿工人)男性共3035人,计58188人年的恶性肿瘤死亡率,追踪15年(1972.1.1～1987.1.1),结果表明石棉矿工人恶性肿瘤死亡率显著高于煤矿工人(SMR 1.43.P<0.05),肺癌SMR 5.72(P<0.01),肝癌、SMR2.39(P<0.05),消化道癌两队列未见差异SMR0.73,(P>0.05),不同年龄组比较显示40～50岁组石棉矿工人死亡率和恶性肿瘤死亡率均显著高于煤矿工人(P<0.05),且恶性肿瘤高发年龄在40～60岁组,其发病年龄较煤矿工人为早。此外,两队列的第一位死因均为呼吸道疾患,恶性肿瘤为第二位,可见加强防尘,防毒和鼓励戒炳等措施仍是矿山卫生工作的主要任务。石棉是多致癌物质,国外已早有报导,国内的调查资料未证实石棉的多致癌作用,但确认石棉工人肺癌高发,消化道癌未见增高。Jacobsen(1982)对煤矿工人死亡率追踪调查26年,死因分析表明消化道癌占第二位,国内王绵珍等(1986)报道煤矿工人恶性肿瘤居死因第二位,为了比较石棉矿工人和煤矿工人的恶性肿瘤,尤其是消化道癌的发病情况,作者对1472例石棉工人和2593例煤矿工人两个队列进行了15年追踪研究,结果报导如下。
This study investigated the mortality of malignant tumors in asbestos miners in two cohorts (asbestos miners and coal miners) for a total of 3035 males, measuring 58,188 person-years of malignant tumor mortality and 15 years of follow-up (January 1972 to January 1987) (SMR 1.43.P <0.05), lung cancer SMR 5.72 (P <0.01), liver cancer, SMR2.39 (P <0.05), and no difference of SMR0.73 between two cohorts of gastrointestinal cancer (P> 0.05). The mortality of asbestos miners and the death rates of malignant tumors in 40-50 years old group were significantly higher than those in coal miners (P <0.05), and the incidence of malignant tumors was 40-60 years old Earlier than miners. In addition, the first cause of death in both cohorts was respiratory diseases and the number of malignant tumors was second. Therefore, measures such as strengthening dust control, preventing poison and encouraging blessing are still the major tasks of mine health work. Asbestos is a multi-carcinogen, foreign countries have long been reported, the domestic survey data did not confirm the carcinogenic effect of asbestos, but identified asbestos workers high incidence of lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer did not increase. Jacobsen (1982) investigated the mortality of coal miners for 26 years. The cause of death analysis indicated that digestive tract cancer accounted for the second place. Domestic Wang Mianzhen et al. (1986) reported that coal miners had the second highest death rate from malignant tumors. In order to compare asbestos miners and coal miners Of malignant tumors, especially the incidence of digestive tract cancer, the authors conducted a follow-up study of 1472 cases of asbestos workers and 2593 cases of coal miners two cohorts, the results reported below.