本文综述了微量元素锂对血细胞和造血系统的影响及其临床应用现状。锂使人外周血白细胞增高,血小板轻度升高,而红细胞和网织红细胞一般不受影响;锂能使造血干细胞增加,并刺激CSF 产生。目前在血液病临床上,应用锂治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后的嗜中性粒细胞减少症已获得良好的疗效;其它各种嗜中性粒细胞减少症及再生障碍性贫血,亦有用锂治疗获得成功者。临床上用锂治疗的患者需经常检测血锂浓度以预防发生严重的副作用。 This review summarizes the effects of trace element lithium on blood cells and hematopoietic system and its clinical application. Lithium increases peripheral blood leukocytes and mildly elevated platelets, while red blood cells and reticulocytes are generally unaffected; lithium increases hematopoietic stem cells and stimulates CSF production. Currently in the clinical blood disease, the application of lithium in the treatment of malignant neoplasms after chemotherapy has been a good effect of neutropenia; other various neutropenia and aplastic anemia, but also the success of treatment with lithium By. Patients clinically treated with lithium need to regularly test blood lithium concentration to prevent the occurrence of serious side effects.