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十九世纪以来,随着英国资本主义工业迅猛发展,工人阶级与资产阶级之间的矛盾也日趋尖锐。在此历史背景下,英国文学中出现了一批反映这一社会现实的“工业小说”。盖斯凯尔夫人的长篇小说《玛丽·巴顿》,便是其中的代表作。她对工人阶级生活的细致描写,对资产阶级的深入观察,以及她对当时英国社会状况所作的严肃的思考,为十九世纪英国现实主义文学的发展作出了重大的贡献。二十世纪六十年代以来,盖斯凯尔夫人的工业小说备受西方马克思主义批评的重视,她在英国文学史上的贡献也获得了重新评价。有鉴于此,本文试图以雷蒙·威廉斯的情感结构理论对盖斯凯尔夫人的《玛丽·巴顿》进行解读,并通过对此作品的评析来揭示19世纪工业社会的社会状况和世人的普遍心理。
Since the nineteenth century, with the rapid development of British capitalist industry, the contradiction between the working class and the bourgeoisie has also become increasingly acute. Under this historical background, a batch of “industrial novels” reflecting the social reality have appeared in British literature. One of the masterpieces is Mrs. Gaskell’s novel “Mary Button.” Her detailed description of working-class life, his in-depth observation of the bourgeoisie, and her serious thinking on the social conditions in England at that time made a significant contribution to the development of English realist literature in the 19th century. Since the 1960s, Mrs. Gaskell’s industrial novels have received the attention of Western Marxist criticism. Her contribution to the history of British literature has also been re-evaluated. In view of this, this article attempts to interpret the “Mary Barton” by Mrs. Gaskell with Raymond Williams’s theory of emotional structure, and through the analysis of this work to reveal the social conditions of the 19th century industrial society and the world General psychology