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桃(Prunus persica(L.)Batsch)是我国重要的无性繁殖作物种质资源,目前主要保存于3个国家无性繁殖作物种质圃。随着以茎尖、花粉、休眠芽为保存载体的超低温保存技术的发展,超低温保存已成为无性繁殖作物重要备份保存方式。本研究以15份桃种质花粉为研究对象,开展含水量、回湿处理和保存温度(4℃低温保存和液氮超低温保存)对保存后花粉离体萌发率的影响研究。研究结果:明确了桃种质花粉超低温保存的含水量;揭示了回湿处理对部分桃种质花粉超低温保存产生显著影响;超低温保存后花粉离体萌发率最高可达83%;4℃低温保存和超低温保存比较研究结果表明,超低温保存4年后14份桃种质花粉离体萌发率仍可保持30%以上,11份桃种质花粉离体萌发率与保存前花粉离体萌发率相比无显著变化甚至显著提高,而4℃低温保存的花粉离体萌发率降至0。该研究为国家种质库建立花粉规模化超低温保存提供技术支撑。
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is an important clonal germplasm resource of climatic crops in our country and is currently mainly preserved in three national clonal germplasm nurseries. With the development of ultra-low temperature preservation technology using stem tips, pollen and dormant bud as the carrier for preservation, cryopreservation has become an important backup storage method for asexual reproduction crops. In this study, 15 peach germplasm pollens were selected to study the effect of moisture content, rewetting and storage temperature (4 ℃ cryopreservation and cryopreservation of liquid nitrogen) on in vitro germination rate of pollen. The results showed that the moisture content of peach pollen preserved at cryogenic temperature was clarified. The results showed that the wetting treatment had significant effect on the cryopreservation of some peach pollen. The germination rate of pollen in vitro after cryopreservation was up to 83% Compared with cryopreservation, the results showed that in vitro germination rate of 14 peach germplasm remained above 30% after cryopreservation for 4 years. The in vitro germination rate of 11 peach germplasm pollen compared with the germination rate of pollen before preservation No significant change or even significantly increased, while the germination rate of pollen preserved at 4 ℃ decreased to 0 in vitro. The research provided technical support for the establishment of the national gene bank for the preservation of pollen-scale cryopreservation.