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目的了解大理州某水泥企业在岗职工职业健康状况及存在的职业危害因素,探索发病趋势,提出合理的卫生管理模式和职业病及相关疾病防治建议。方法对2013—2016年大理州某水泥企业的在岗职工职业健康检查结果进行统计分析,比较各年度的职业病和职业禁忌证及其他疾病的检出情况。结果该企业4年间体检率2015年最高达97.22%,2013年最低(93.33%);男、女体检人数之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.75,P<0.01);粉尘和噪声是主要的职业病危害因素;职业禁忌证检出率分别为:4.29%、3.08%、2.56%、1.36%,各年间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=6.17,P>0.05);检查项目中共检出12项异常指标,其中血压异常检出率呈显著下降趋势(χ~2=11.76,P<0.01),心电图、尿常规、血脂异常检出率呈显著上升趋势(χ~2值分别为11.79、27.51、87.70,P<0.01)。结论该企业职工的身体健康状况不容忽视,应密切关注职业相关疾病的发病趋势。该企业职工应提倡健康的生活方式,调整饮食结构,注意慢性病的防控。相关监督管理部门应加强监管,做好现场职业病危害因素的检测和安防设备的发放、使用,落实奖惩制度,加强劳动者的防护意识和健康意识,降低职业病和职业相关疾病的发病风险。
Objective To understand occupational health status and existing occupational hazards in a cement enterprise in Dali Prefecture and explore the trend of the disease incidence and put forward reasonable health management mode and advice on prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and related diseases. Methods The statistical analysis of occupational health examination results of on-the-job staff and workers in a cement factory in Dali during 2013-2016 was conducted to compare occupational and occupational contraindications and other diseases in each year. Results The rate of medical examination in four years was up to 97.22% in 2015 and the lowest in 2013 (93.33%). There was a significant difference between male and female (χ ~ 2 = 21.75, P <0.01). Dust and noise were The main occupational hazards were as follows: the detection rates of occupational contraindications were 4.29%, 3.08%, 2.56% and 1.36%, respectively. There was no significant difference between years (χ ~ 2 = 6.17, P> 0.05) Out of 12 abnormal indexes, the detection rate of abnormal blood pressure showed a significant decreasing trend (χ ~ 2 = 11.76, P <0.01), and the electrocardiogram, urine routine and dyslipidemia detection rate showed a significant upward trend (χ ~ 2 values were 11.79 , 27.51, 87.70, P <0.01). Conclusion The health status of workers in this enterprise should not be neglected. Pay close attention to the trend of occupational diseases. The workers should promote a healthy lifestyle, adjust the diet and pay attention to the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Relevant supervision and management departments should strengthen supervision and control, do a good job on the spot detection of occupational hazards and the issuance, use and implementation of rewards and punishments of security equipment, strengthen worker’s protection awareness and health awareness, and reduce the risk of occupational diseases and occupational-related diseases.