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合作医疗是中国农村卫生工作的基本制度之一。它“是在各级政府支持下,按照参加者互助共济的原则组织起来,为农村社区人群提供基本医疗卫生保障服务的医疗保健制度”。 从1997年下半年开始,在西藏自治区卫生厅土登厅长亲自主持下,西藏全面开展了农村合作医疗试点工作,既借鉴了内地省区实行合作医疗的经验,又不简单重复别人走过的路,而是结合西藏自治区农牧区实际,大胆提出了在免费医疗框架下建立合作医疗制度的设想。到“九五”期末,全区县、乡覆盖率已分别达到92％和89％,参加合作医疗的农牧民占农牧区总人口的69.8％,全区初步建立起了合作医疗制度。 国内卫生经济学专家认为,西藏农牧区举办的合作医疗是解决贫困地区缺医少药问题的一个创举,对在全国解决农村医疗保障问题作出了有益的探索。 新时期西藏民族卫生工作在改革和实践中作了大量有益的探索和突破。以区卫生厅土登厅长为首的党组一班人,为建设具有西藏特色的农牧民医疗保健体系,为发展西藏民族卫生事业,敢于开拓、勇于创新,不仅对农牧区合作医疗作了大量有益的探索,而且在免费医疗制度改革、公费医疗制度改革、卫生机构体制改革、以及计划生育与妇幼保健相结合的各项改革中,都做了大量有益的工作,并且在国际、国内都产生了一定的影响。
Cooperative medical care is one of the basic systems of rural health work in China. It “is a health care system that provides basic medical and health protection services to rural communities in accordance with the principle of mutual aid and mutual aid of the participants at all levels of government support.” Since the second half of 1997, under the auspices of the Tibet Autonomous Region Director of Education, Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet has carried out a comprehensive trial of rural cooperative medical care, drawing on the experience of implementing cooperative medical care in the inland provinces and provinces and not simply repeating what others have gone through. Lu, however, combined with the reality of the agricultural and pastoral areas of the Tibet Autonomous Region, boldly proposed the idea of establishing a cooperative medical system under the framework of free medical care. By the end of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” period, the coverage rate of county and townships in the entire region had reached 92% and 89% respectively. The proportion of farmers and herdsmen participating in cooperative medical care accounted for 69.8% of the total population in the farming and pastoral areas. The district initially established a cooperative medical system. Experts in domestic health economics believe that the cooperative medical treatment organized by Tibet’s agricultural and pastoral areas is a pioneering solution to the problem of lack of medical care and medicine in poverty-stricken areas, and has made beneficial explorations in solving rural medical security problems in the country. The Tibetan national health work in the new period has made a lot of useful explorations and breakthroughs in the reform and practice. The party group leader headed by the District Health Office’s Tu Dun’s office was responsible for building a health care system for peasants and herdsmen with Tibetan characteristics, developing a national health undertaking in Tibet, dare to explore and be innovative, not only for cooperative medical care in rural and pastoral areas. A lot of useful explorations, but also in the reform of the free medical system, the reform of the public medical system, the reform of the health system, and the combination of family planning and maternal and child health care, have done a lot of useful work, both internationally and domestically. Has a certain influence.