目的:对原发性食管小细胞癌的临床、病理学特征和治疗的相关问题进行探讨。方法:回顾分析73例食管小细胞癌治疗的临床资料。结果:全组手术切除率94.5%,根治性切除率89.0%,手术死亡率1.4%,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为50.7%、13.7%、8.2%。结论:原发性食管小细胞癌是一种少见而预后较差的恶性肿瘤。Ⅰ,Ⅱ期病例,外科手术是主要治疗手段,术后化疗可以提高疗效;对Ⅲ,Ⅳ期病例,则应以化、放疗为主要治疗方法。 Objective: To investigate the clinical, pathological characteristics and treatment of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Methods: The clinical data of 73 cases of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The total resection rate was 94.5%, the radical resection rate was 89.0%, and the operative mortality rate was 1.4%. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 50.7%, 13.7%, and 8.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma is a rare and poor prognosis malignant tumor. In stage I and II cases, surgical operation is the main treatment method. Postoperative chemotherapy can improve the therapeutic effect. For stage III and IV cases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be the main treatment methods.