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苏联水利部门在规划设计和经济论证列宁格勒防洪措施时,确定了一套关于评价洪灾损失的原则与方法,以评价该市因受海水倒灌造成的洪灾损失。对于计算其他成因的洪灾损失和论证防洪措施,这些原则也是适用的。因此苏联有关部门正以此为基础,修订洪灾损失评价法的正式规程。一、洪灾损失的分类洪灾损失应根据社会总产值或国民总收入的减损额计算,并考虑时间价值的因素。洪灾损失包括以下几部分: (一)直接损失。系指位于淹没区、浸没区和破坏区内的直接受到洪水危害的一切受灾事物的损失。 (二)间接损失,或称派生损失。系指本身并未受到洪水危害,但由于同直接受灾的对象有着生产上或其他方面联系的事物所受的损失。间接损失是直接损失派生的后果。 (三)不能合理利用土地的损失。系指那些经常遭受洪水淹没,因而不能利用或不能更有价值地利用的土地的损失。
In planning and designing Leningrad flood prevention measures, the Soviet Union’s Water Resources Department has determined a set of principles and methods for assessing flood damage in order to assess the loss of floods caused by seawater intrusion in the city. These principles also apply to the calculation of other causes of flood damage and justification of flood protection measures. Therefore, the relevant departments of the Soviet Union are using this as a basis for amending the formal rules of the flood damage assessment law. First, the classification of flood damage Flood damage should be calculated according to the total social output or gross national income impairment, and consider the time value of the factors. Flood damage includes the following components: (a) direct loss. Refers to the loss of all the damage directly affected by the flood in the flooded area, immersion area and destruction area. (B) indirect loss, or derivative losses. Means the loss that is not itself endangered by a flood, but due to something that is productive or otherwise connected with the immediate victim. Indirect damage is a direct consequence of the derivative. (C) can not make reasonable use of the loss of land. Refers to the loss of land that is often flooded and therefore inaccessible or more invaluable.