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卡夫卡的短篇小说《乡村教师》篇幅虽小,涉及的却是20世纪西方哲学思潮中具有根本性的一些问题。这些问题的重要性在将近一个世纪之后的今日,越来越普遍地被认识到,那就是阐释问题、语言问题、科学批判问题。另外这个短篇还涉及学术体制和阅读问题。本文结合阐释理论和20世纪初的历史语境、时代思潮讨论这些问题,试图从一个侧面说明卡夫卡作品的历史意义中的现实意义、卡夫卡作品的现代性中的后现代性。
The short story of Kafka’s “village teacher” is concerned with some fundamental problems in the twentieth-century Western philosophy. The importance of these questions, more and more widely recognized today, nearly a century later, is that of interpreting, linguistically and scientifically critical issues. In addition this short story also involves the academic system and reading issues. Based on the interpretation of the theory and the historical context of the early 20th century, the essay discusses these issues in an attempt to explain the realistic significance of Kafka’s historical significance and the postmodernity of Kafka’s modernity.