真核生物、细菌和古菌三者共同构成了生命的三域系统.古菌作为第3种生命形式,不仅能在高温、强酸和高盐等极端环境下生存,而且在海洋、湖泊和土壤等生境中也广泛分布,预示其在整个生态系统中有着不可估量的作用.本文以2个农田剖面土壤和2个长期施肥试验站祁阳(QY)和封丘(FQ)的土壤为对象,以实时定量PCR方法为主要研究手段,对土壤中古菌(包括泉古菌)和细菌的16SrRNA基因拷贝数丰度变化进行了研究.结果表明:土壤泉古菌16SrRNA基因拷贝数要低于古菌1～2个数量级,两者与细菌相比,16SrRNA基因拷贝数大小顺序为土壤泉古菌<古菌<细菌,而古菌和泉古菌16SrRNA基因拷贝数与细菌的比值均随土壤深度加深而增大.不同施肥处理对土壤古菌和泉古菌的数量有显著影响.QY试验站土壤古菌和细菌的数量与土壤pH值显著相关(分别为r=0.850,P<0.01和r=0.676,P<0.05).FQ古菌、泉古菌和细菌与土壤pH值相关性不显著,与土壤有机质含量相关性均达显著水平(分别为r=0.783,P<0.05;r=0.827,P<0.05;r=0.767,P<0.05).了解古菌包括泉古菌在农田土壤中的分布,可为评价其在生态系统和物质循环中的作用提供重要的理论依据. Eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea together form the three-domain system of life.As a third form of life, archaea not only survive in extreme environments such as high temperatures, strong acids and high salinity, but also in the oceans, lakes and soils And other habitats are widely distributed, indicating that it has an inestimable role in the entire ecosystem.In this paper, the soil of two farmland profiles and two long-term fertilization test stations Qiyang and Fengqiu (FQ) The real-time quantitative PCR method was used as the main research method to study the changes of copy number abundance of 16SrRNA gene in archaea (including Quercus mongolica) and bacteria in soil. The results showed that the 16SrRNA gene copy number in soil was lower than archaeal ~ 2 orders of magnitude, compared with the bacteria, 16SrRNA gene copy number order of soil spring archaea