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目的了解贵州省农村儿童体格发育水平及营养不良患病情况。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法调查贵州省农村儿童8 680人,以中国<7岁儿童生长标准为参数计算儿童年龄别身高Z值(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z值(WAZ)和身高别体重Z值(WHZ)与生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦发病率。结果各年龄组儿童体格发育均落后于参考标准,6月龄内儿童Z值主要分布0～1和0～-1两个区间;6月龄后逐渐向左移,WAZ、WHZ值主要分布于0～-1和-1～-2两个区间,HAZ左移较前二者更明显。18月龄后各Z值主要分布于-1～-2和<-2两个区间。营养不良发生率在6个月以内较低,6月龄后随年龄增长患病率增高,在36～48月龄时达到高峰;8 680名<7岁儿童中生长迟缓3 292例,低体重1 523例,消瘦388例,发病率分别为37.9%,17.5%和4.5%。结论贵州省农村儿童体格发育与中国同龄儿童生长标准存在较大差距,长期慢性营养不良是其主要因素,改善农村儿童营养状况是今后贵州省儿童保健工作重点。
Objective To understand the physical development and malnutrition prevalence of rural children in Guizhou province. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate 8 680 rural children in Guizhou Province. Based on the Chinese children <7 years old, the children’s height Z value (HAZ), age-specific weight Z value (WAZ) and height Body weight Z value (WHZ) and growth retardation, low body weight and weight loss incidence. Results The physical development of children in all age groups lagged behind the reference standards. The Z values of children in 6 months old were mainly distributed in 0-1 and 0-1 ranges. After 6 months of age, they gradually moved to the left. The WAZ and WHZ values were mainly distributed in 0 ~ -1 and -1 ~ -2 two intervals, HAZ left more obvious than the former two. After 18 months of age, the values of Z were mainly distributed in two intervals of -1 ~ -2 and <-2. The prevalence of malnutrition was low within 6 months, and increased with age after 6 months of age, reaching a peak at 36 to 48 months of age. Among the 8 680 children <7 years of age, 3 292 cases were retarded, with low body weight 1 523 cases, 388 cases of weight loss, the incidence rates were 37.9%, 17.5% and 4.5%. Conclusion There is a big gap between the physical development of children in rural Guizhou and that of Chinese children of the same age in Guizhou Province. Chronic malnutrition is the main factor in this respect. To improve the nutritional status of rural children is the key point of Guizhou child health care in the future.