论文部分内容阅读
一、官僚制的特征现代官员以下列特有方式履行职责:(一)具有固定的和正式的管辖范围的原则,此类管辖范围通过规章即法律或行政法规予以确认。1.出于官僚统治结构需要的正规行为,作为正式职责以固定的方式加以分配。2.履行这些职责所需要的发布命令的权力通过一种确定的方式加以分配,并通过有关强制手段的、切实的、称职的或其他的规章加以严格的界定,这一切都处于行政官员的控制之下。3.为了规则地和持续地履行这些职责,并行使相应权力而制定规则的条款;只有具备通常规定的服务资格的人才能被雇用。
I. Characteristics of Bureaucracy Modern officials perform their duties in the following unique ways: (1) They have the principle of fixed and formal jurisdiction, which is confirmed by the rules, that is, the laws or administrative regulations. 1. Formal functions that are required by the bureaucratic structure to be distributed in a fixed manner as official duties. 2. The power to issue orders required for the fulfillment of these functions is allocated in a definitive way and is rigorously defined by practical, competent or other rules relating to coercive measures, all under the control of administrative officials under. 3. Rule-making provisions for the regular and continuous fulfillment of these duties and the exercise of the corresponding powers; only those with the qualifications for services normally provided may be employed.