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femABX家族是一大类结构和功能相似的基因的统称 ,主要见于葡萄球菌和链球菌。迄今已发现 2 0种 ,主要与细菌细胞壁肽聚糖合成有关。转座子插入失活该类基因的葡萄球菌 (敏感菌株和耐药株 )表现出对甲氧西林及其他非 β -内酰胺类抗生素敏感性的上升。该类基因可作为新的作用靶位 ,开发既可克服葡萄球菌属现有耐药又具特异杀菌作用的抗菌药物。MRSA对 β -内酰胺类抗生素耐药是因为后者能诱导产生一种新的PBP2a所致。万古霉素则作用于肽聚糖D -Ala -D -Ala从而阻遏细胞壁形成 ,可用于治疗MRSA感染。但自报道万古霉素中介的金黄色葡萄球菌后 ,治疗形势日渐严峻 ,寻找新的作用靶位开发全新的抗菌药就显得尤为重要。就近年来发现的一些可能的新靶位基因的结构、功能、应用等方面做一综述。
The femABX family is a generic term for a broad class of genes whose structure and function are similar, mainly found in staphylococci and streptococci. So far, 20 species have been found, mainly related to bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis. Staphylococcus aureus (susceptible strains and drug-resistant strains) with transposon insertion inactivation of these genes showed an increased susceptibility to methicillin and other non-β-lactam antibiotics. This kind of gene can serve as a new target of action and develop antimicrobial drugs that can overcome the existing resistant and bactericidal effects of Staphylococcus. MRSA is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics due to the latter’s ability to induce the production of a novel PBP2a. Vancomycin acts on peptidoglycan D-Ala-D-Ala to block cell wall formation and can be used to treat MRSA infections. However, since the report of vancomycin-mediated Staphylococcus aureus, the treatment situation is becoming more and more serious. It is very important to find a new target of antimicrobial drug development. This review summarizes the structure, function and application of some possible new target genes discovered in recent years.