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针对内蒙古平原灌区春玉米高产(15thm-2以上)群体产量进一步提高难度大,产量挖潜途径不明确的问题,采用产量构成因素分析与产量性能参数分析相互验证的方法,在4年52点次高产(15thm-2以上)群体产量构成因素分析的基础上,设计不同品种密度试验,研究增密对不同品种群体产量性能的影响,明确不同类型玉米品种的增产途径和栽培调控的主攻方向。结果表明,穗数和穗粒数是决定高产(15thm-2以上)群体产量的主要因素。实现15thm-2以上群体的产量结构为:穗数(7.08～9.60)×104穗,穗粒数477～654粒,千粒重324.7～388.7g,穗粒重168.9～234.0g。其合理群体结构衡量指标是LAImax在6.5以上,平均LAI在5左右,收获期LAI在3.5以上。高秆大穗型品种理想的产量结构是:67500～75000穗hm2,每穗610～640粒,千粒重380g左右,单穗粒重220～240g,产量大于15thm-2;株高适中的中小穗型品种,理想产量结构是:75000～97500穗hm-2,每穗520～600粒,千粒重340～355g,单穗粒重180～220g,产量在16.5thm-2以上。密度增加促进平均作物生长率(MCGR)和单位面积总籽粒数(TGN)的增加进而提高产量,但增密后平均净同化率(MNAR)降低导致穗粒数显著降低并限制了TGN的提高潜力。通过增密为主的结构性挖潜,使得群体功能的增益大于个体生产性能的降低,实现高产(15thm-2以上),属于“得失性补偿增产”;在优化群体结构的基础上,提高个体生产能力、突破个体库容降低的限制、进行功能性挖潜、实现群体结构和个体功能协同增益的“差异性补偿增产”、是产量进一步提高的重要途径。
Aiming at the problem of further increasing the yield of spring maize (15thm-2 or above) in the plain irrigation area in Inner Mongolia, it is difficult to further increase the yield and tap the potential of the production potential. The method of yield component analysis and yield performance parameter analysis was used to verify each other. (15thm-2 above) based on the analysis of the composition of yield factors, the design of different varieties of density test to study the effect of densification on the yield characteristics of different varieties of population, clear different types of maize varieties of production and cultivation of the main direction of regulation. The results showed that the number of spikes and grains per spike were the main factors that determine the yield of high-yield (15thm-2) population. The yield structure of the population above 15thm-2 was spikelets (7.08 ~ 9.60) × 104 spikes, grains per spike 477 ~ 654, grain weights 324.7 ~ 388.7g and grains per spike 168.9 ~ 234.0g. The reasonable index of population structure is LAImax above 6.5, average LAI around 5 and LAI at harvest above 3.5. The ideal yield structure of tall stalk and big spike was 67500 ~ 75000 spike hm2, 610 ~ 640 spikelets per ear, about 380g thousand seed weight and 220 ~ 240g grain weight per spike, the yield was more than 15thm-2; The optimal yield structure is 75000-97500 spike hm-2, 520-600 spikes per ear, 340-355g spike weight, and 180-220g spike weight per spike. The yield is above 16.5thm-2. Increasing the density increased the average crop growth rate (MCGR) and the total grain number per unit area (TGN), and then increased the yield. However, the decrease in average net assimilation rate (MNAR) after densification resulted in a significant decrease in grains per spike and limited the potential for TGN enhancement . Through the structure-based tapping of densification, the gain of group function is larger than the decrease of individual production performance, achieving high yield (above 15thm-2), which belongs to “gain and loss compensation increase ”; on the basis of optimizing group structure, It is an important way to further increase the output of individual production capacity, breaking the restriction of individual storage capacity reduction, making potential tapping and realizing “differential compensation increase” of synergistic gain between group structure and individual function.