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长期以来,关于自然资源是否有价值的问题,学术界存在很大分歧。一些人坚持认为,自然资源是天然的使用价值,不是劳动产品,没有价值;另一些人则认为,自然资源有价值,这是由自然资源的稀缺性和效用决定的。人们普遍忽视了作为商品的自然资源中所体现的搜寻和发现劳动。其实,作为商品的自然资源与其他劳动产品一样,也是有价值的。这些自然资源的价值也是人类抽象劳动的凝结,只不过自然资源的价值量是由搜寻和发现自然资源的社会必要劳动时间决定的。这是因为,当自然资源成为商品时,搜寻和发现自然资源的私人劳动就成了社会劳动的一部分,单位商品资源中所包含的一般人类劳动就成为平均的社会必要劳动。
Academics have long diverged on the question of whether natural resources are valuable. Some insist that the use of natural resources is a natural value, not a product of labor, of no value; while others believe that the value of natural resources is determined by the scarcity and effectiveness of natural resources. People generally ignore the search and discovery labor embodied in the natural resources as commodities. In fact, natural resources as commodities are as valuable as other labor products. The value of these natural resources is also the condensation of abstract human labor, except that the value of natural resources is determined by the socially necessary working hours of searching and discovering natural resources. This is because, when natural resources become commodities, private labor for the search and discovery of natural resources becomes part of social labor, and the general human labor contained in the unit commodity resources becomes the average socially necessary labor.