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目的探讨新疆地区高中生人格特质、饮酒动机与饮酒行为之间的关系,为开展青少年饮酒行为的干预提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对新疆昌吉、库尔勒和阿克苏地区3所高中的631名学生运用艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版、饮酒动机问卷修订版、青少年饮酒行为测量量表进行调查。结果男生和女生在饮酒频率、醉酒频率、神经质和饮酒动机的应对动机、社会动机、顺从动机3个维度上得分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.29,3.52,2.85,5.65,5.87,6.06,P值均<0.01)。人格特质中精神质、外倾性与饮酒频率呈负相关,饮酒动机与饮酒频率正相关;醉酒频率与人格特质中的外倾性和神经质负相关,与饮酒动机正相关;饮酒频率与醉酒频率正相关;精神质与应对动机和社会动机负相关,外倾性与社会动机负相关(P值均<0.05)。社会动机和应对动机对饮酒频率的解释率分别为21.9%和26.2%;外倾性、社会动机和应对动机对醉酒频率的解释率分别为11.6%,12.3%,10.3%。外倾性对醉酒行为的直接效应量为-0.030。社会动机在外倾性与醉酒行为间的中介效应量为-0.084,在精神质和醉酒行为间的中介效应量为-0.126。结论青少年人格特质和饮酒动机是影响饮酒行为的重要因素,社会动机在外倾性、精神质与醉酒行为之间存在中介作用。
Objective To explore the relationship between personality traits, motivation and drinking behavior of high school students in Xinjiang, and to provide reference for adolescent drinking behavior intervention. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was applied to 631 students from 3 high schools in Changji, Korla and Aksu areas of Xinjiang using the Eysenck Chinese Personality Questionnaire Simplified Chinese Version, a revised version of the Alcohol Motivation Questionnaire, and the Adolescent Drinking Behavior Measurement Scale survey. Results The boys and girls had statistically significant differences in the three dimensions of drinking frequency, drunkenness frequency, neuroticism and alcohol consumption coping motivation, social motivation and obedience motivation (t = 7.29,3.52,2.85,5.65,5.87, 6.06, P <0.01). The personality traits, personality traits and extraversion are negatively correlated with the frequency of drinking, alcohol drinking motivation and drinking frequency is positively correlated; drunkenness frequency and personality trait causality and neuroticism, and drinking motivation is positively correlated; drinking frequency and drunk frequency Positive correlation was found between psychoticism and coping motivation and social motivation. Extroversion was negatively correlated with social motivation (P <0.05). Social motivation and coping motivation were 21.9% and 26.2%, respectively. Interpretation rates of alcoholism frequency were 11.6%, 12.3% and 10.3% respectively. The direct effect of extraversion on drunkenness was -0.030. The mediating effect of social motivation between causality and drunkenness was -0.084, and the mediating effect between psychoticism and drunkenness was -0.126. Conclusion Adolescent personality traits and alcohol drinking motivation are important factors affecting alcohol consumption. Social motivation has an intermediary role between extroversion, spirituality and drunken behavior.