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现实市场的失灵远比新古典经济学所承认的广泛,这就赋予了政府远比新古典经济学意义上的有限政府更为广泛的职能,这也就为有为政府夯实了理论基础。关于政府的“有为”、“无为”和“乱为”都是针对市场缺陷及其失灵而言的,因而有为政府的作用边界是清楚的,有为政府的概念也是逻辑自洽的;同时,基于市场缺陷的弥补为有为政府确立了一个理想目标,而现实政府要不断接近这一目标则需要一个过程,这又有赖于有为政府主导的一整套制度安排,因而有为政府体现了目标和过程的统一。此外,田国强论证有为政府无效和有为政府高效的逻辑和证据并不能经受思辨逻辑的拷问,集中在产业政策上也是如此,如市场机制和民营企业并不能有效避免和摆脱产能过剩问题。最后,市场化改革的推行也并不必然导向有限政府而非有为政府;相反,如果考虑真正的有效市场,有为政府反而是更佳的归宿。尽管如此,现代经济学人还是普遍反对有为政府而信奉有限政府,很大程度上与其说是出于真实科学的研究,不如说更主要是源自传统智慧所塑造的神话,而对神话的信仰往往会造成学术的对立。
The failure of the real market is far more extensive than that recognized by neoclassical economics, which gives the government more extensive functions than the limited government in the neoclassical sense of economics and thus paves the way for the government to lay a solid theoretical foundation. With respect to the government, “being”, “inaction” and “chaotic” are all aimed at market imperfections and failures, and therefore have the role of the government. The boundary is clear and has the concept of government But also logic self-consistent; at the same time, based on market imperfections made up for the government has set an ideal goal, and the reality of the government to continue to close this goal requires a process, which in turn depends on a set of government-led institutional arrangements Therefore, there is a unity of purpose and process for the government. In addition, Tian Guoqiang argued that there are logically and evidently inefficient and promising government logic and evidence that can not withstand the torture of speculative logic. This is also true of industrial policies. For example, market mechanisms and private enterprises can not effectively avoid and eliminate overcapacity issues. Finally, the implementation of market-oriented reforms also does not necessarily lead to limited government rather than government; on the contrary, if we consider the real effective market, there is a better end for the government instead. In spite of this, modern economists generally oppose that there is a limited government for the government. To a large extent, this is not so much a study of the real sciences, but more so from the myth of traditional wisdom, Faith often results in academic antagonism.