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目的介绍一种算法,通过活体测量人体肺部~(241)Am的活度计算人体短期吸入钚的量以及致内照射剂量。方法采用ICRP 66、67报告关于钚、镅核素的生物动力学模型,结合活体测量人体肺部吸入的~(241)Am的量,同时考虑核素之间关系(如~(241)Pu与~(239)Pu的比值)、裂变产物和锕系核素的老化时间、钚气溶胶粒子粒径分布等一些参数,对人体肺部短期吸入钚的量以及引起的剂量进行估算。结果采用活体测量方法常规监测工作人员肺部吸入~(241)Am能够监测年摄入量限值(ALI)内单次吸入钚后早期的肺部含量。结论验证了使用肺部计数器常规测量人体肺部~(241)Am活度来估算一次独立吸入ALI水平内的钚的可行性,为估算操作钚的工作人员的个人剂量监测提供一定的方法支持,对判断操作钚的工作人员是否需要进行针对吸入钚的促排治疗提供一定的依据。
OBJECTIVE: To introduce an algorithm to calculate the amount of short-lived inhaled plutonium and the dose of internal irradiation caused by measuring the activity of ~ (241) Am in human lung. Methods Biodynamic models of plutonium and plutonium were reported in ICRP 66,67 and the amount of ~ (241) Am inhaled in human lungs was measured in vivo. The relationship between nuclides (such as ~ (241) Pu and ~ (239) Pu ratio), the aging time of fission products and actinides, the particle size distribution of plutonium aerosol particles and some parameters to estimate the short-term inhalation of plutonium in human lungs and the dose caused. Results In-routine monitoring of pulmonary intake by staff (~ 241) Am routinely monitored lung volume early after single inhalation of plutonium in the annual intake limit (ALI). Conclusions The feasibility of using a lung counter to routinely measure ~ (241) Am activity in human lungs to estimate plutonium at a single inhaled ALI level is demonstrated, providing some methodological support for estimating individual dose monitoring for staff working with plutonium, Provide a basis for judging whether the personnel handling plutonium need to promote the treatment of plutonium inhalation.