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对公共政策问题进行动态分析,可以借助于两种理论模型,即力场分析理论和适应性领导理论。力场分析理论强调,认识政策问题的途径之一是,辨识哪些力对于政策的创新和组织目标的实现起到了推动或阻碍作用,应当采取何种策略来有效地应对这些力量。适应性领导理论认为,急剧变迁的环境对于领导这一活动提出了新的要求,领导不再是一个被组织正式任命的职位的职责,而是一项集体的责任与联合的行动。主动地实施领导,而非被动地等待领导者的出现,灵活回应各种需求和挑战,在实践中解决公共政策问题,是适应性领导理论的要旨所在。
The dynamic analysis of public policy issues can be based on two theoretical models, namely force field analysis theory and adaptive leadership theory. The theory of force field analysis emphasizes that one of the ways to recognize the problem of policy is to identify which forces have played a catalytic or impeding role in policy innovation and the achievement of organizational goals and what strategies should be adopted to deal with these forces effectively. Adaptive leadership theory argues that the rapidly changing environment sets new demands for leadership, and leadership is no longer a function of an officially appointed position but a collective responsibility and joint action. Active implementation of leadership, rather than passively waiting for the emergence of leaders, flexible response to various needs and challenges, in practice, to solve public policy issues is the essence of adaptive leadership theory.