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BACKGROUND:?Ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBLs) play an extremely important role in inlfuencing the long-term survival and quality of life of recipients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Some patients can be cured by interventional therapies, however others lose their grafts at last and receive liver retransplantation (re-OLT). The aim of this study was to analyze the data of 66 patients who had received re-OLT at our center because of ITBL and to discuss the treatment of ITBL after OLT. METHODS:?We retrospectively analyzed 66 re-OLT cases due to ITBL from September 2001 to February 2007 at our center. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox-Mantel test were used to identify factors associated with mortality for univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, respectively. RESULTS:?Fifty-ifve of 66 ITBL cases underwent interven-tional therapies before re-OLT. The actuarial survival at 1 month and 1 year for these patients was 83%and 74%, respectively. Prognostic factors for mortality in univariate analysis were model of end-stage liver disease score (MELD)>16.5 (χ2=5.856, P=0.016), cold ischemia time>8 hours (χ2=6.539, P=0.011), infections (χ2=5.550, P=0.018) and complications (χ2=12.168, P=0.002) after re-OLT. In the multivariate analysis (Cox regression), the risk factors independently associated with mortality were MELD score>16.5 (RR:3.140;P=0.035), cold ischemia time>8.2 hours (RR:0.192;P=0.016) and complications (RR:3.896, P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS:?The incidence of ITBL in China is higher than in other countries. Based on our experience, MELD score, cold ischemia time and complications after re-OLT are risk factors independently associated with mortality in retransplanted ITBL patients.