中国封建社会发展到明朝后期,已经缓慢地出现了资本主义的萌芽。而与此相应的,产生了一批杰出的社会启蒙思想家,如黄宗羲、方以智、顾炎武、王夫之等人。他们的思想是多方面的,在政治上他们批判封建专制主义的黑暗和腐朽,要求开明政治,倡导平等和民主;在经济上,他们一反过去 The development of Chinese feudal society to the late Ming Dynasty, there has been a slow emergence of capitalism. And correspondingly, a group of outstanding social enlightenment thinkers have emerged, such as Huang Zongxi, Fang Yizhi, Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi and others. Their thinking is multifaceted. In politics, they criticize the darkness and decadentness of feudal despotism, demand enlightened politics and advocate equality and democracy. In the economy, they oppose the past