“舆论改革”是韩国传媒领域乃至政治领域近年来的热点话题。从金大中政府到卢武铉政府,试图通过经济手段、法律程序和政治博弈来改变主要报纸与政府的敌对局面,促进韩国社会舆论的多元化发展。今年年初出台的《报纸法》引起新的矛盾纠葛,韩国学者和公众对此提出了各种看法。本文重点介绍韩国政权变迁中传媒生态与政治生态的契合,以及社会民主化与传媒民主化的“双重性”,为韩国政府重构传媒关系带来的两难困境。 “Media reform” is a hot topic in recent years in the field of media and even politics in South Korea. From the Kim Dae-jung government to the Roh Moo-hyun administration, they tried to change the rivalry between the major newspapers and the government through economic measures, legal procedures and political games so as to promote the diversified development of public opinion in South Korea. The “newspaper law” promulgated earlier this year has aroused new conflicts and disputes. South Korean scholars and the public put forward various opinions on this issue. This article focuses on the fit between media ecology and political ecology during the change of political power in South Korea, and the “duality” between social democratization and media democratization, which is the dilemma posed by the Korean government in reconstructing media relations.