Experimental measurement of hypersonic boundary layer stability and transition on a sharp cone with a half angle of 5° is carried out at free-coming stream Mach number 6 in a hypersonic wind tunnel.Mean and fluctuation surface-thermal-flux characteristics of the hypersonic boundary layer flow are measured by Pt-thin-film thermocouple temperature sensors installed at 28 stations on the cone surface along longitudinal direction.At hypersonic speeds,the dominant flow instabilities demonstrate that the growth rate of the second mode tends to exceed that of the low-frequency mode.Wavelet-based cross-spectrum technique is introduced to obtain the multi-scale cross-spectral characteristics of the fluctuating signals in the frequency range of the second mode.Nonlinear interactions both of the second mode disturbance and the first mode disturbance axe demonstrated to be dominant instabilities in the initial stage of laminar-turbulence transition for hypersonic shear flow.