急性肝衰竭(LE)发病急,发展快,病情险恶。其常见原因是病毒性肝炎,药物性和中毒性肝炎。其发病机制亦因病因而不同。 LE临床上多有低血压、低血容量、血管阻力下降及心脏代偿性排血量增加,但肾血流量多降低,微循环障碍明显,很似感染性休克。此可能与某些细胞因子(特别是肿瘤坏死因子)有关,但感染性内毒素血症也常见。此外,前列腺素,血栓烷A_2异常代谢和脂质过氧化物的损害,生化代谢异常产生的有毒物质,包括血氨、短链脂肪酸、苯乙醇胺、鱆胺、5-羟色胺等神经假递质和血管活性物 Acute liver failure (LE) the incidence of acute, rapid development, the disease dangerous. Its common causes are viral hepatitis, medicinal and toxic hepatitis. Its pathogenesis is also different due to etiology. LE more clinical hypotension, hypovolemia, decreased vascular resistance and cardiac compensatory increase in blood output, but decreased renal blood flow, microcirculation obvious, resembling septic shock. This may be related to certain cytokines (especially tumor necrosis factor), but infectious endotoxemia is also common. In addition, prostaglandins, thromboxane A 2 abnormal metabolism and lipid peroxides damage, abnormal biochemical metabolism of toxic substances, including blood ammonia, short chain fatty acids, phenylethanolamine, amine, serotonin and other neurotransmitters and Vasoactive substances