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Post herpes zoster (HZ) reactions have been associated with panoply of neoplastic, inflammatory, and fibro-inflammatory cutaneous disorders. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA has not been identified in most of these reports. After an episode of HZ, a healthy, active 90-year-old female developed ulcerative nodules in the affected trigeminal V1 dermatome and the contra-lateral trigeminal region over a 1-year period. Excision and/or biopsy of all these lesions showed similar pathologic changes that consisted of herpetic folliculitis, adjacent dense mixed nodular lymphocytic infiltrates with germinal centers (cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH)), and in the deeper excision specimens, an obliterative vasculitis of a vessel with smooth muscle in its wall. Immunophenotype analysis revealed a mixed, predominate T-and B-cell population without loss of pan-T cell antigens or aberrant expression by B cells of T-cell antigens. Polymerase chain reaction for herpetic DNA was po sitive for VZV DNA. Lymphocyte gene rearrangement analysis revealed 2 distinct, anatomically and chronologically, monoclonal B-cell populations and a monoclona l T-cell population in one nodule. Treatment with valacyclovir has lead to almo st complete resolution of her cutaneous nodules after 6 months of therapy. In th is case, it can be surmised that persistence of VZV infection and lack of effect ive cell-mediated immunity lead to development of both immunopathology (vasculi tis) and excessive lymphoid cell proliferation (CLH).
Post-herpes zoster (HZ) reactions have been associated with panoply of neoplastic, inflammatory, and fibro-inflammatory cutaneous disorders. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA has not been identified in most of these reports. After an episode of HZ, a healthy, active 90-year-old female developed ulcerative nodules in the affected trigeminal V1 dermatome and the contra-lateral trigeminal region over a 1-year period. Excision and / or biopsy of all all voices showed similar pathologic changes that consisted of herpetic folliculitis, adjacent dense mixed nodular lymphocytic infiltrates with germinal centers (cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH)), and in the deeper excision specimens, an obliterative vasculitis of a vessel with smooth muscle in its wall. Immunophenotype analysis revealed a mixed, predominate T-and B-cell population without loss of pan-T cell antigens or aberrant expression by B cells of T-cell antigens. Polymerase chain reaction for herpetic DNA was po sitive for VZV DNA. L ymphocyte gene rearrangement analysis revealed 2 distinct, anatomically and chronologically, monoclonal B-cell populations and a monoclona l T-cell population in one nodule. Treatment with valacyclovir has lead to almo st complete resolution of her cutaneous nodules after 6 months of therapy. In th is case, it can be surmised that persistence of VZV infection and lack of effect ive cell-mediated immunity lead to development of both immunopathology (vasculi tis) and excessive lymphoid cell proliferation (CLH).