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长期以来,人们一直期望能研制出癌症疫苗,使治疗癌症如同预防和治疗普通疾病一样简单。由于受到技术条件限制,这一愿望在20世纪相当长的一段时间里无法实现。但利用疫苗治疗癌症是战胜癌症的一个方向,疫苗疗法与传统疗法相比具有治疗简单、副作用小、疗效彻底等优点,它是利用患者自身的免疫力来治疗癌症。通过给患者注射癌症疫苗,激发免疫细胞攻击癌细胞,从而达到提高自身免疫力、消灭癌细胞的目的。进入20世纪90年代,基因重组技术、抗肿瘤免疫理论的发展,为癌症疫苗的研究和开发提供了条件。目前不少癌症疫苗已处在临床试验或即将上市的阶段。下面我们大致浏览一下。
For a long time, people have been expecting to develop cancer vaccines, making cancer treatment as simple as preventing and treating common diseases. Due to technical constraints, this desire was not realized for a considerable period of time in the 20th century. However, the use of vaccines to treat cancer is a way to overcome cancer. Compared with traditional therapies, vaccine therapy has the advantages of simple treatment, less side effects, and complete efficacy. It uses the patient’s own immunity to treat cancer. By injecting a cancer vaccine to the patient, the immune cells are stimulated to attack the cancer cells, so as to achieve the goal of improving self immunity and eliminating cancer cells. In the 1990s, the development of gene recombination technology and anti-tumor immunity theory provided the conditions for the research and development of cancer vaccines. At present, many cancer vaccines have been in clinical trials or will be on the market. Let’s take a brief look at it below.