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一年轻时在大学念书,专业是英国文学,但我对历史也很有兴趣。以后我又接触了一些历史书籍,对古代希腊历史学家希罗多德(Herodotus,约前484-约前425)甚为喜欢。他所著的关于希腊与波斯战争的《历史》一书是西方古代第一部记叙体的伟大史书。他的成就很大,举世景仰,名垂千古。古罗马政治家、雄辩家和哲学家西塞罗(Cicero,前106-前43)称他为“历史之父”,但是也有人称他为“谎言之父”。这两种截然相反的评价究竟哪种对呢?对此我过去研究不够,不敢妄加评论。去年在智利空闲时间较多,我认真阅读了希罗多德《历史》的一些篇章,结论是:以上两种说法都对,希罗多德既是西方“历史之父”,同时又确实是不折不扣的“谎言之父”。他的伟大功勋尽人皆知,这里不谈了,我想专门谈谈他的“谎言”。首先,他喜欢夸张,最典型的例子是他说薛西斯大帝(Xerxes,旧译作泽尔斯大帝,约前519-前425)率领波斯500万大军远征希腊,事实上据
Studying at a young age, majoring in English literature, but I am also very interested in history. Later I came into contact with some history books, very much liked by the ancient Greek historian Herodotus (ca. 484 - ca. 425). His book “History” about the war between Greece and Persia was the first great historical book of ancient Chinese narration. His great achievements, admired by the world, dwell forever. Ancient Roman statesman, eloquent philosopher and philosopher Cicero (106-43) called him “the father of history,” but some called him “the father of lies.” Which of the two diametrically opposed evaluations is correct? I did not study enough in this past and did not dare to make any comment. Last year, I had more free time in Chile. I read some passages of Herodotus’s “history,” and concluded that both of the above statements are correct. Herodotus is both the “father of history” in the West and indeed does not The “father of lies”. His great meritorious deeds are well-known, I will not talk about it here, and I want to talk about his “lies.” First of all, he likes to exaggerate. The most typical example is that when Xerxes led the Persian army of 5,000,000 to expedition Greece, in fact, according to Xerxes,